{"id":3269,"date":"2022-01-24T17:43:06","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T15:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/?page_id=3269"},"modified":"2023-04-21T14:06:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T12:06:18","slug":"commons-sustainability-model","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/commons-sustainability-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Commons sustainability model"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/commons-sustainability-model\/?lang=en#fr\">[en fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 la fin de l&#8217;article]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<h4>The Commons Model<\/h4>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;&#8230;amidst so much destruction, another world is growing, just as grass grows between the cracks in the urban pavement, challenging the hegemony of capital and the state and affirming our interdependence and our capacity to cooperate&#8221;.<br \/>\n<em>Federici, Silvia (2020) Re-enchanting the world. Feminism and the politics of the commons<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3228 \" src=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Procomu_estat_mercat_EN.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"258\" height=\"187\" \/>Alongside the market and the state, there is a third model of social and economic organisation, the commons. In addition to the numerous cases of traditional commons production, reproduction and management that have been sustained over the years, technological, urban and cultural projects, some of which use free and open licences, with distributed and democratic models of production, reproduction, management and decision-making, have been launched in recent decades. These projects are different from each other, but share certain principles and qualities.<\/p>\n<p>The commons is a model of social organisation that resolves needs and social relations collectively through self-management and co-production, appropriating the necessary material and immaterial resources sustainably, without depleting them or putting them at risk. A commons implies the articulation of a community that takes joint responsibilities and decisions, that produces collectively with its labour force, that provides itself with agreed rules and, when necessary, with shared goods.<\/p>\n<p>It is increasingly clear to more and more people that the model based on maximising private profit has failed, that it is unviable and unsustainable for society and for the planet. This model, which still prevails, is leading us into a social crisis and an unprecedented climate emergency. Faced with this situation, we find in the commons model a way to reorganise ourselves in order to articulate sustainable alternatives. A model that can be complementary to other models of democratic organisation, ecological sustainability and solidarity economy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3255\" src=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/FornMontfalc\u00f3_EN.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"446\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Forms of commons are very old in human societies, appearing in different situations and, especially, in situations of emergency or catastrophe. <\/strong> Some traditional commons were eradicated in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries with the closing of fields or the &#8220;amortizaci\u00f3n&#8221; (<em>disentailments<\/em>) in Spain, giving rise to capitalist accumulation and the industrial revolution. The eradication or marginalisation of the commons was widespread in the new territories colonised by the emerging European empires and states. The response was manifold: resistance conflicts to defend the threatened commons, resistance to colonisation and slavery, and the response of proletarianised peasants (in some cases former commoners or their descendants) through workers&#8217; associations and cooperativism. <strong>This process is not over, models of commons self-management are, even now, being closed down or privatised through mining, agricultural deforestation or technological giants.<\/strong> But the commons, resources and processes (collective wealth, nature, civil infrastructure, cultural works, traditions, knowledge, &#8230;), are present in our environment, and to preserve them (from a social and environmental perspective), today we can also look for answers in the self-organisation of people, in associationism and in the revitalisation and reinvention of cooperativism, such as that proposed by open cooperativism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Environmentalism<\/strong> has taught us the importance of interconnected ecosystems, it has challenged the anthropocentric imaginary by placing the human species as just another species, which at the same time has a responsibility for its impact. The commons approach emphasises stewardship rather than ownership and the importance of sustainability <strong>in passing on resources and the ecological environment to future generations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3238 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/programarilliure-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" srcset=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/programarilliure-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/programarilliure.png 221w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/>The <strong>emergence of commons models has been identified in free software<\/strong> (Linux, LibreOffice, etc.) and also in other initiatives, for example the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan or the Guifi.net community internet network, the sharing of seeds in India, the protection of potato species with genetic value in Peru (Potato Park) or CouchSurfing (offering to sleep on a sofa to travellers).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Let&#8217;s be clear: the commons is not a utopian fantasy. It is something that is happening right now. We can see it in countless towns and cities, in the global South and the industrial North, in open source software communities and in worldwide cyber networks&#8221;.<br \/>\n<em>Helfrich, Silke; Bollier, David (2020) Free, fair and alive: el poder subversivo de los comunes<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>But <strong>the principles of the commons begin at home,<\/strong> the domestic sphere is the main space for social reproduction and its sustainability.<\/p>\n<p>And in this sense there is a <strong>confluence between the commons model and feminism<\/strong>, which reinterprets and transforms it, highlighting the importance of reproductive work that is invisible in the market model, where any form of work that cannot be transacted, however necessary it may be, is not considered. The feminist perspective makes visible everything that makes the sustainability of a community project possible.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Commoning begins in the family. The kitchen, where production and reproduction meet and the energies of the day are negotiated between genders and between generations. It is where transcendental decisions are made for the first time in the distribution of tasks, in the distribution of products, in the creation of desire and in the maintenance of health&#8221;.<br \/>\n<em>Linebaugh, Peter (2010) Some Principles of the Commons. Counterpunch<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In order to work on the sustainability of commons projects, over the last few years we have developed a model that aims to be a working tool for collectives that want to articulate solutions to community challenges.<\/p>\n<h4>Commons sustainability model<\/h4>\n<p>A sustainability model is a modelled definition of how a project works or is proposed to work. Key elements are: the value proposition &#8211; products or services -, what is done, for which user profiles, how resources are mobilised, the organisational and financing model and other elements oriented to the sustainability of the project.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The 5 pillar model of sustainability<\/strong> has been defined to work on these aspects in initiatives and projects that solve needs or articulate social relations based on self-organisation, self-production, collaboration and collective self-management. They can be projects for the self-sufficiency of resources and services, the collective management of common goods, the organisation of social relations or the collaborative production of material or immaterial goods that are made openly available to those who need them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>It is a conceptual model that considers 5 interconnected dimensions<\/strong> in a commons project. The model uses a visual scheme that helps us to situate these relationships, and different variants of the scheme are used for more depth.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3244\" src=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Plegable_CommonsSustainabilityModel_EN.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"638\" height=\"451\" \/><br \/>\nFor a commons project to be sustainable, a solution must be found that maintains the fragile balance between the motivations of the different participants: the challenge lies in federating initiatives and finding the right amount of social mass, the motivation of a diverse group of people who self-govern, use, manage and contribute (in the p2p production and\/or intercooperation model) to important parts of the project, with a common vision, mission and values and with an aligned knowledge sharing policy. <strong>Thus, a balance between the five pillars must be ensured.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Community pillar.<\/strong> At the heart of the 5 Pillars model is the community of people who produce, care for, and use a particular commons that they share. It is articulated through mechanisms, tools and rules that regulate its functioning. Social, Solidarity, Cooperative Economy (SSCE) projects and digital, urban or knowledge commons often involve large and diverse communities. They depend on processes in which participation is key, they propose models of distributed governance and the people who participate in them want to influence their environment, consciously and collectively. Communication, deliberation and decision-making are significant factors to consider.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Pillar of resources to be mobilised.<\/strong> This deals with the mobilisation of resources necessary for the existence of the project, material or immaterial, which are not labour force. They can be provided by members of the community articulated around the project, or come from outside it. This can occur according to different models of economic relations (free disposal, donation, loan, exchange, inter-cooperation, social market, capitalist market). They can be natural resources, monetary, financial, disused materials that are reintegrated into the economic circuit, written or audiovisual content, computer software, among others. And, of course, they can serve to remunerate and\/or compensate the workforce.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Co-production Pillar. <\/strong>It focuses on the workforce, the production relations that are established, how production is organised and the motivations of the people involved. It speaks of collective self-production: production is done within a community by its own members, to solve their own needs and challenges. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand which individuals, collectives and organisations make up this community and how they relate to each other; whether part of this production is done outside the community or in other communities with which relationships are established, and whether the production responds only to one&#8217;s own needs or whether it is done in the open and everyone can benefit from it. It looks at all the human labour force, paid or voluntary, that needs to be mobilised, coordinated and put into collaboration.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Co-governance pillar. <\/strong>Identifies the societal tools and mechanisms available to enable the participation of the project&#8217;s promoter, executor and\/or target community in decision-making in a horizontal, democratic and distributed manner. What are the policies for joining a project, how to become a member of the community or entity, how to mobilise the necessary resources, what return and profitability commitments there are, and how to agree and execute the distribution of the value generated among the contributors.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Sharing pillar. <\/strong> How to share knowledge, skills and even immaterial or material production can be key for a commons project to be sustainably reproduced and also to be replicated or adapted. It is concerned with having mechanisms for communicating within the community how things are done (documentation, internal training, shared learning); open sharing through public licences, publication of source files, open data and collaboration with replication.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/five-pillar-model-of-the-commons\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Model of the 5 pillars of sustainability of the commons <\/a>(in catalan) by Wouter Tebbens, David G\u00f3mez and M\u00f2nica Garriga (translated into English): Chapter XVIII <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sharingcitiesaction.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/SharingCities_CAT_digital.pdf\">Sharing Cities<\/a> . Dimmons Research Group. 2019<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"fr\">Introduction aux communs<\/h4>\n<p>Aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du march\u00e9 et de l\u2019\u00c9tat, il existe un troisi\u00e8me mod\u00e8le d\u2019organisation sociale et \u00e9conomique, les communs. Outre les nombreux cas de production, de reproduction et de gestion de biens communs traditionnels qui se sont maintenus au fil des ans, des projets technologiques, urbains et culturels, dont certains utilisent des licences libres et ouvertes, avec des mod\u00e8les distribu\u00e9s et d\u00e9mocratiques de production, de reproduction, de gestion et de prise de d\u00e9cision, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9s au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Ces projets sont diff\u00e9rents les uns des autres, mais partagent certains principes et qualit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les communs sont un mod\u00e8le d\u2019organisation sociale qui r\u00e9sout collectivement les besoins et les relations sociales par l\u2019autogestion et la coproduction, en prenant en charge les ressources n\u00e9cessaires de mani\u00e8re durable, sans les \u00e9puiser ni les mettre en danger. Un commun implique l\u2019articulation d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 qui assume des responsabilit\u00e9s et des d\u00e9cisions communes, qui produit collectivement avec sa force de travail, qui se dote de r\u00e8gles convenues et, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, de biens partag\u00e9s. Les ressources (les biens communs) concern\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre mat\u00e9rielles et immat\u00e9rielles, naturelles ou produites par l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine.<\/p>\n<p>Il est de plus en plus \u00e9vident pour un nombre croissant de personnes que le mod\u00e8le bas\u00e9 sur la maximisation du profit priv\u00e9 a \u00e9chou\u00e9, qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas viable et non soutenable pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et pour la plan\u00e8te. Ce mod\u00e8le, qui pr\u00e9vaut encore, nous conduit \u00e0 une crise sociale et \u00e0 une urgence climatique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Face \u00e0 cette situation, nous trouvons dans la matrice des communs un moyen de nous r\u00e9organiser afin d\u2019articuler des alternatives durables. Cette matrice peut \u00eatre compl\u00e9mentaire \u00e0 d\u2019autres mod\u00e8les d\u2019organisation d\u00e9mocratique, de soutenabilit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique et d\u2019\u00e9conomie solidaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les communs ont des origines tr\u00e8s anciennes dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines, apparaissant dans diff\u00e9rentes situations et, en particulier, dans les situations d\u2019urgence ou de catastrophe. Certains communs traditionnels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9radiqu\u00e9s en Europe aux 18e et 19e si\u00e8cles avec la fermeture des champs, donnant lieu \u00e0 l\u2019accumulation capitaliste et \u00e0 la r\u00e9volution industrielle. L\u2019\u00e9radication ou la marginalisation des communs s\u2019est \u00e9tendue aux nouveaux territoires que les empires et \u00c9tats europ\u00e9ens \u00e9mergents colonisaient. La r\u00e9ponse a \u00e9t\u00e9 multiple : conflits de r\u00e9sistance pour d\u00e9fendre les communs menac\u00e9s, r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la colonisation et \u00e0 l\u2019esclavage, et r\u00e9ponse des paysans prol\u00e9taris\u00e9s (dans certains cas, d\u2019anciens commoners ou leurs descendants) \u00e0 travers les associations de travailleurs et le coop\u00e9rativisme. Ce processus n\u2019est pas termin\u00e9, la gestion des biens communs est, aujourd\u2019hui encore, ferm\u00e9s ou privatis\u00e9s par l\u2019exploitation mini\u00e8re, la d\u00e9forestation agricole ou les g\u00e9ants technologiques. Mais les biens communs, ressources (richesses collectives, naturelles, infrastructures civiles, \u0153uvres culturelles, traditions, connaissances,\u2026), sont pr\u00e9sents dans notre environnement, et pour les pr\u00e9server (d\u2019un point de vue social et environnemental), aujourd\u2019hui nous pouvons \u00e9galement chercher des r\u00e9ponses dans l\u2019auto-organisation des personnes, l\u2019associationnisme et dans la revitalisation et la r\u00e9invention du coop\u00e9rativisme ouvert (open cooperativism).<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9cologie nous a appris l\u2019importance des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes interconnect\u00e9s, elle a remis en cause l\u2019imaginaire anthropocentrique en pla\u00e7ant l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine comme une esp\u00e8ce comme les autres, qui a en m\u00eame temps une responsabilit\u00e9 pour son impact. Le point de vue des communs met l\u2019accent sur l\u2019intendance plut\u00f4t que sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et sur l\u2019importance de la soutenabilit\u00e9 dans la transmission des ressources et de l\u2019environnement \u00e9cologique aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n<p>Les communs sont renouvel\u00e9s par la culture libriste, les logiciels (Linux, LibreOffice, etc.) mais aussi d\u2019autres initiatives aussi diverses que le r\u00e9seau internet communautaire Guifi.net, le partage des semences en Inde, la protection des esp\u00e8ces de pommes de terre \u00e0 valeur g\u00e9n\u00e9tique au P\u00e9rou (Potato Park) ou comme le camp de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s de Zaatari en Jordanie ou le CouchSurfing (offrir \u00e0 des voyageurs de dormir sur son canap\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab Soyons clairs : les communs ne sont pas une utopie. C\u2019est quelque chose qui se passe en ce moment m\u00eame. Nous pouvons le voir dans d\u2019innombrables villes, dans le Sud et le Nord industriel, dans les communaut\u00e9s de logiciels libres et les cyber-r\u00e9seaux mondiaux. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Helfrich, Silke ; Bollier, David (2020) Free, fair and alive : the insurgent power of the commons.<\/p>\n<p>Les principes des communs s\u2019acqui\u00e8rent dans la sph\u00e8re domestique qui est un des espaces essentiel de la reproduction sociale et de sa durabilit\u00e9. En ce sens, il existe une confluence entre les communs et l\u2019\u00e9conomie f\u00e9ministe, qui les r\u00e9interpr\u00e8te et les transforme, en soulignant l\u2019importance du travail reproductif invisible dans le mod\u00e8le du march\u00e9. La perspective f\u00e9ministe met en lumi\u00e8re tout ce qui rend possible et durable un projet communautaire.<\/p>\n<p>La mise en commun (\u00ab commoning \u00bb) commence dans la famille. La cuisine, o\u00f9 la production et la reproduction se rencontrent et o\u00f9 les \u00e9nergies de la journ\u00e9e sont n\u00e9goci\u00e9es entre les genres et les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que sont prises les premi\u00e8res d\u00e9cisions capitales concernant la division du travail, la distribution des produits, la cr\u00e9ation du d\u00e9sir et le maintien de la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Linebaugh, Peter (2010) Some Principles of the Commons. Counterpunch.<\/p>\n<h4>Faire place aux communs<\/h4>\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, les communs constituent une matrice dans laquelle se reconnaissent les acteurs engag\u00e9s dans des initiatives et des projets qui cherchent \u00e0 pr\u00e9server ou produire des ressources, r\u00e9soudre des besoins collectifs, en tissant des relations sociales respectueuses des personnes et de la nature. Ces acteurs s\u2019organisent collectivement \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9canismes d\u2019autogestion et d\u2019autoproduction et de collaboration \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles. Avec leurs communaut\u00e9s ils visent une forme de production collaborative de biens mat\u00e9riels ou immat\u00e9riels qui seront mis \u00e0 la disposition de ceux qui en ont besoin selon des r\u00e8gles \u00e0 d\u00e9finir ensemble. Dans ces communs, le d\u00e9fi consiste souvent \u00e0 articuler les personnes et les organisations aux motivations diverses pour qu\u2019elles utilisent, g\u00e8rent et contribuent par une approche de production p2p et\/ou d\u2019inter-coop\u00e9ration, \u00e0 une mission orient\u00e9e par des valeurs partag\u00e9es. Il s\u2019agit de rechercher le moyen pratique de convenir de l\u2019usage d\u2019une ressource partag\u00e9e ou d\u2019articuler un r\u00e9seau relationnel d\u2019entraide.<\/p>\n<p>De tels processus s\u2019appliquent en de multiples domaines, comme par exemple l\u2019alimentation, l\u2019eau, la sant\u00e9, les fili\u00e8res agricoles, l\u2019innovation technique, \u2026 et aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles territoriales. Ils sont d\u2019une grande complexit\u00e9 car l\u2019auto-organisation repose sur la qualit\u00e9 des relations humaines qui se tissent dans la pratique, mais aussi sur des m\u00e9canismes \u00e9conomiques et juridiques \u00e0 co-construire, et la reconnaissance des valeurs partag\u00e9es. Faire na\u00eetre ces m\u00e9canismes de gouvernance en commun demande du temps. Cela requiert aussi l\u2019appropriation d\u2019outils et de m\u00e9thodes qui permettent de saisir et mobiliser l\u2019exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue dans les communs pour en faire une connaissance et une culture commune.<\/p>\n<p>Pour qu\u2019un tel travail puisse se r\u00e9aliser, il est aussi n\u00e9cessaire de concevoir un cadre accueillant qui prend la forme d\u2019un processus d\u2019accompagnement ou animation adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque contexte singulier et aux objectifs des participants que sont les porteurs de projets, les institutions publiques, les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile (\u00e9conomiques, ESS, innovateurs sociaux, \u2026.etc).<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Leur donner de la puissance<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ce besoin, nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es un outil et une d\u00e9marche pour accompagner les collectifs qui cherchent \u00e0 proposer des solutions aux d\u00e9fis de leurs territoires.<\/p>\n<p>Nous nous appuyons sur un mod\u00e8le conceptuel qui repr\u00e9sente 5 dimensions interconnect\u00e9es la mise en commun (5 piliers). Il mod\u00e9lise la fa\u00e7on dont un projet fonctionne ou souhaite fonctionner. Il utilise un sch\u00e9ma visuel, le Mod\u00e8le de soutenabilit\u00e9 des communs qui nous aide \u00e0 situer et qualifier les communs au regard de ces 5 dimensions.<\/p>\n<p>Ce sch\u00e9ma est un support pour mobiliser un ensemble d\u2019outils m\u00e9thodologiques, juridiques, \u00e9conomiques, issus des sciences sociales et de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience cumul\u00e9e de la matrice des communs au cours des derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies. Ces outils permettent d\u2019aller plus loin, d\u2019analyser ce qui existe et de d\u00e9velopper les potentiels des initiatives en fonction de leurs contextes et environnements.<\/p>\n<p>En travaillant ensemble avec de tels outils sur un m\u00eame territoire ou bien dans un m\u00eame domaine, les acteurs peuvent d\u00e9velopper des coop\u00e9rations nouvelles et mieux prendre en charge l\u2019objet de leur projet.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-4692\" src=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"3780\" height=\"3780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR.png 3780w, https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Hule_ModeleSoutenibilite_FR-1024x1024.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3780px) 100vw, 3780px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pilier communautaire. Au c\u0153ur du mod\u00e8le se trouve la communaut\u00e9 des personnes qui produisent, g\u00e8rent et utilisent un \u00e9l\u00e9ment commun particulier qu\u2019elles partagent. Elle s\u2019articule \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9canismes, des outils et des r\u00e8gles qui permettent de r\u00e9guler son fonctionnement. Les projets d\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale, solidaire et coop\u00e9rative (ESSC) et les biens communs num\u00e9riques, urbains ou de la connaissance impliquent souvent des communaut\u00e9s importantes et diverses. Ils d\u00e9pendent de processus dans lesquels la participation est essentielle, ils proposent des mod\u00e8les de gouvernance distribu\u00e9e et les personnes qui y participent veulent influencer leur environnement, consciemment et collectivement. La communication, la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration et la prise de d\u00e9cision sont des facteurs importants \u00e0 prendre en compte.<\/p>\n<p>Pilier de mobilisation des ressources. Il s\u2019agit de la mobilisation des ressources n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019existence du projet, mat\u00e9rielles ou immat\u00e9rielles, qui ne sont pas des forces de travail. Ils peuvent \u00eatre fournis par les membres de la communaut\u00e9 articul\u00e9e autour du projet ou venir de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. Cela peut se faire selon diff\u00e9rents mod\u00e8les de relations \u00e9conomiques (cession gratuite, don, pr\u00eat, \u00e9change, intercoop\u00e9ration, march\u00e9 social, march\u00e9 capitaliste). Il peut s\u2019agir de ressources naturelles, mon\u00e9taires, financi\u00e8res, de mat\u00e9riaux d\u00e9saffect\u00e9s qui sont r\u00e9int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le circuit \u00e9conomique, de contenus \u00e9crits ou audiovisuels, de logiciels informatiques, entre autres. Et, bien s\u00fbr, ils peuvent servir \u00e0 r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer et\/ou \u00e0 compenser la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<p>Pilier de coproduction. Il se concentre sur la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre, sur les relations de production qui sont \u00e9tablies, sur la fa\u00e7on dont la production est organis\u00e9e et sur les motivations des personnes qui y participent. Elle parle d\u2019autoproduction collective : la production est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au sein d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 par ses propres membres, pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 leurs propres besoins et d\u00e9fis. Il est n\u00e9cessaire de comprendre quels sont les individus, les collectifs et les organisations qui composent cette communaut\u00e9 et comment ils sont li\u00e9s les uns aux autres ; si une partie de cette production est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en dehors de la communaut\u00e9 ou dans d\u2019autres communaut\u00e9s avec lesquelles des relations sont \u00e9tablies, et si la production r\u00e9pond uniquement \u00e0 ses propres besoins ou si elle est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e au grand jour et que tout le monde peut en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier. Il s\u2019agit de toute la force de travail humaine, r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9e ou volontaire, qui doit \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9e, coordonn\u00e9e et mise en collaboration.<\/p>\n<p>Pilier de la co-gouvernance. Il identifie les outils et m\u00e9canismes soci\u00e9taux disponibles pour permettre la participation de la communaut\u00e9 motrice, ex\u00e9cutante et\/ou cible du projet \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision de mani\u00e8re horizontale, d\u00e9mocratique et distribu\u00e9e. Quelles sont les politiques d\u2019adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 un projet, comment devenir membre de la communaut\u00e9 ou de l\u2019entit\u00e9, comment mobiliser les ressources n\u00e9cessaires, quels sont les engagements de retour et de rentabilit\u00e9, et comment convenir et ex\u00e9cuter la r\u00e9partition de la valeur g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e entre les contributeurs.<\/p>\n<p>Pilier de partage. La mani\u00e8re de partager les connaissances, les comp\u00e9tences et m\u00eame la production immat\u00e9rielle ou mat\u00e9rielle peut \u00eatre la cl\u00e9 pour qu\u2019un projet de biens communs soit reproduit de mani\u00e8re durable et pour qu\u2019il puisse \u00eatre r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9 ou adapt\u00e9. Il s\u2019agit de disposer de m\u00e9canismes permettant de transmettre, au sein de la communaut\u00e9, la mani\u00e8re dont les choses sont faites (documentation, formation interne, apprentissage partag\u00e9) ; le partage ouvert par le biais de licences publiques, la publication des fichiers sources, les donn\u00e9es ouvertes et la collaboration avec la r\u00e9plication.<\/p>\n<p><em>Travail d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de : Mat\u00e9riaux de La Comunificadora 4 (femProcomuns et LabCoop, 2019-20) l CCBYSA 3.0-es Mat\u00e9riel pour les cours de coop\u00e9rativisme de plateforme (femProcomuns-Dimmons-Free Knovledge institute, 2018). CCBYSA 3.0-es Traduction et adaptation en fran\u00e7ais 2022. CCBYSA 3.0-fr.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Auteurs: David G\u00f3mez Fontanills, M\u00f2nica Garriga Miret, Guernica Facundo Vericat, Wouter Tebbens, Pere Ribas, David Jacovkis Halperin, Jordi Framis Maimi, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Sultan Traduction en Fran\u00e7ais: Coordonn\u00e9 par femProcomuns et Remix the commons dans le cadre d\u2019\u00c9cosyst\u00e8mes des Communs. Traduction en fran\u00e7ais 2022. CCBYSA 3.0-fr. Version:0.1.1 FR | 06\/2022<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[en fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 la fin de l&#8217;article] The Commons Model &#8220;&#8230;amidst so much destruction, another world is growing, just as grass grows between the cracks in the urban pavement, challenging the hegemony of capital and the state and affirming our &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/commons-sustainability-model\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3269","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3269"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5114,"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3269\/revisions\/5114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/femprocomuns.coop\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}